For adults who are immunocompromised, the CDC recommends: People with thalassemia were excluded from COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials, so its unclear if vaccines are as effective for people with thalassemia as the general population. At the current time, this is primarily an academic theory. You likely wont have any symptoms. But its most common in the Mediterranean, where incidence can be as high as 15%. COVID-19 in benign hematology: emerging challenges and special considerations for healthcare professionals. Thalassemia: Understanding the Inherited Blood Disorder, What Hemoglobin Does and Why It Is Important, When Iron Deficiency Anemia Is Not What It Appears to Be, What to Know About Chronic Kidney Disease and COVID-19, What to Know About Sickle Cell Disease and COVID-19, Treatment of Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS), Iron Chelation Preparations and Side Effects, What to Know About Parkinsons Disease and COVID-19, Alpha Thalassemia Types, Diagnosis, and Treatment, What to Know About Organ Transplants and COVID-19, A comprehensive update of ICET-A Network on COVID-19 in thalassemias: what we know and where we stand, COVID-19. Future Sci OA. 2020;60(12):3046-3054.doi:10.1111/trf.16056, d'argon A, Putri MG, Savitri Y, Alfaidin AMR. 2021.doi:10.1016/j.htct.2021.04.003, Dalamaga M, Karampela I, Mantzoros CS. Since thalassemia trait causes only mild symptoms, if any, it usually doesnt affect life expectancy. COVID-19. There are four types of alpha thalassemia, and two main types of beta thalassemia. Key points about beta thalassemia in children. Some of the publications discussing pregnancy in a patient with COVID19 infection mentioned thalassemia, thalassemia trait, and thalassemia minor in the list of comorbidities in the description of their included patients characteristics. They result in low hemoglobin production and destruction of red blood cells. A Southeast Asian perspective on the COVID-19 pandemic: hemoglobin E (HbE)-trait confers resistance against COVID-19. Treatment may include regular blood transfusions. There are no specific precautions or warnings for people with thalassemia receiving these vaccines compared with people in the general population. Thalassemia is a hereditary disorder that affects the production of hemoglobin. Eur J Haematol. A comprehensive review of hydroxyurea for -haemoglobinopathies: the role revisited during COVID-19 pandemic. In order to better describe the frequency and manifestations of COVID-19 in thalassemia patients living in France, we report the cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection that occurred during the year 2020. It's not known whether blood clots with COVID-19 are more common among people with thalassemia, but healthcare providers should be aware of this potential risk. Its important for a doctor to order a blood test to confirm the cause of your symptoms to ensure you dont receive any unnecessary treatment. (2020). If you have a family history of thalassemia, you may want to know whether you carry the trait. If you become infected, it's important to talk to a doctor knowledgeable about thalassemia regarding any special precautions you should take or changes to your medical plan. 2020;108:154260.doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154260, Leblanc JF, Germain M, Delage G, et al. Prevalence and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in transfusion dependent and non-transfusion dependent -thalassemia patients and effects of associated comorbidities: an Iranian nationwide study. There are a number of reasons why people with thalassemia might be at risk for more severe outcomes with COVID-19. Whats the outlook for people who have beta thalassemia? Since hemoglobin levels already run low for many people with thalassemia, the combination of factors has raised some concerns. Additionally, COVID-19 has complicated some treatments for thalassemia, such as the availability of lifesaving blood transfusions. Blood clots are fairly common with COVID-19, and many physicians view it as a disease of blood vessels. Many times people with thalassemia are prescribed a supplemental B vitamin, known as folic acid, to help treat anemia. Mark S. Lesney. If you do, theyll be mild. marion.cook@wanadoo.fr. Torti L, Sorrentino F, Maffei L, De Fabritiis P, Abruzzese E. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis. 2021;16(1):114.doi:10.1186/s13023-021-01757-w. U.S. Food & Drug Administration. Recessive means that you need two copies of the faulty gene to have the disease. Yes, you can have the trait for both alpha- and beta-thalassemia. This is the most important step in keeping you out of the hospital and alive. It's also helpful to know your blood typespecifically the Rh factorduring pregnancy, so your doctor can troubleshoot if the unborn baby has a different Rh factor. It's hard to focus on positives at this time, but sometimes making an effort can help you find a sense of gratitude that would otherwise be elusive. 2020;91(3):e2020026. Although epidemiologic evidence concerning the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection in these patients is currently lacking, the COVID-19 pandemic represents a significant challenge for haemoglobinopathy patients, their families and their attending physicians. As published in the New England Journal of Medicine, several months after this non-heritable treatment, all patients no longer needed frequent . Thalassaemia International Federation . Types include alpha and beta thalassemia. The Johnson & Johnsons Janssen can rarely cause arterial thrombosis, a blood clot in an artery, in people with thrombocytopenia 4 to 30 days after vaccination. A recent pre-print study has showed a heme attack on the 1-beta chain of hemoglobin by COVID19. 2020;105(4):378-386.doi:10.1111/ejh.13476, Yadav U, Pal R. Challenging Times for Children With Transfusion-dependent Thalassemia Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic. A comprehensive review of studies published in Seminars in Vascular Surgery in September 2021 examined peer-reviewed journal articles published from March 2020 to January 2021. Aim: Low levels of immune-related micronutrients have been identified in -thalassemia samples. Mark S. Lesney. 2020;15(1):265.doi:10.1186/s13023-020-01543-0, Piga A, Perrotta S, Gamberini MR, et al. Beta thalassemia. What Are the Differences Between the Pfizer and Moderna COVID-19 Vaccines? Beta-thalassemia is widespread in the world but is a rare disease in France with an estimated prevalence of 12 per 1,000,000 for severe forms. Some studies estimate the worldwide prevalence of alpha-thalassemia trait to be as high as 5%. Brancaleoni V, et al. And while some people develop more severe forms of COVID-19, others develop mild or no symptoms. Last medically reviewed on August 23, 2022. Materials & Methods: Searches of PUBMED and EMBASE were conducted to identify the level and . These transplants should proceed. Getting a COVID-19 vaccine can help people with beta thalassemia prevent severe disease and death. Some people with thalassemia have cardiomyopathy (heart muscle disease). Most cases are caused by a mutation in the HBB gene. Accessibility I declare no competing interests. The study from Iran found that having a diagnosis of thalassemia was associated with poorer outcomes, particularly for people who have complications of thalassemia. Munkongdee T, et al. Blood tests can reveal the number of red blood cells and abnormalities in size, shape or color. Susceptibility of -Thalassemia heterozygotes to COVID-19. See additional information. Affiliations 1 Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Universit Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy. Folic acid can help red blood cells develop. (2022). 2020;143:110014.doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110014, Motta I, De Amicis MM, Pinto VM, et al. Needs T, et al. It protects the epithelial barriers from pathogens and modulates excessive immune responses in . In general, if both parents have thalassemia trait, theres a: Because more genes are involved in alpha-thalassemia trait, there are several possible outcomes depending on each parents combination of genes. Med (Lausanne). Other types of thalassemia cause more severe symptoms that can be found earlier in life, usually before a child is . The present statement summarizes the key challenges concerning the management of haemoglobinopathies, with particular focus on patients with either transfusion-dependent or non-transfusion-dependent thalassaemia, identifies the gaps in knowledge and suggests measures and strategies to deal with the pandemic, based on available evidence and expert opinions. Learn more. The .gov means its official. You inherit two copies of this gene one from each parent. It causes your body to produce a lower-than-normal amount of hemoglobin, the part of your red blood cells that carries oxygen. The Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech vaccines use mRNA technology. Beta-thalassemia results of a default in the hemoglobin beta- chain synthesis. (2022). The second study (also from October 2020) from researchers in Canada looked at data from 95 patients who were severely ill with COVID-19. Like in alpha-thalassemia minor, your red blood cells will be smaller, and you may experience mild anemia. Thalassemia results from an affected gene that causes the problem with hemoglobin. People with beta thalassemia may be at a higher risk of developing severe disease or death, but studies are . 2020 Jun;25(6):e936-e945. If you have minor or no symptoms, your provider may suspect thalassemia based on the results of a routine blood test. National Library of Medicine The one gene defect, beta thalassemia trait (minor), is asymptomatic and results in microcytosis and mild anemia. Globally, the prevalence of COVID-19 in people with beta-thalassemia specifically appears to be lower than the general population. People with beta thalassemia minor can have anemia so mild they dont know they have it. The researchers recommend that people with thalassemia major should be followed closely by a doctor. This is the most severe form of this disorder. However, as the situation surrounding COVID-19 continues to evolve, it's possible that some data have changed since publication. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. Many patients with haemoglobinopathies, including thalassaemia and sickle cell disease, are at increased risk of developing severe complications from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). 2020;6(9):FSO628. 8600 Rockville Pike If you have beta-thalassemia trait, you have a 50% chance of passing on the affected gene to any child you have. What Research Says About the Link Between COVID-19 and Blood Type, What the Blood Link Research Means for You, Omicron vs. Delta: How the 2 COVID-19 Variants Compare, ShinglesHerpes ZosterInfection May Be Linked to the COVID-19 Vaccine, Can COVID-19 Cause Diabetes? Respiratory failure may occur just as with people who do not have thalassemia. Farid Y, et al. Its severity varies greatly between people. Current recommendations are that a person's usual regimen of transfusions should be continued during the pandemic. COVID Increases Risk of Long-Term Brain Injury, Study Shows, COVID Tongue: How a Swollen Tongue Could Indicate COVID-19, Even Mild COVID-19 Infections Increase Risk of Type 2 Diabetes, Research Shows, CDC Adds Mental Health Conditions to High-risk of Severe Illness From COVID List, COVID-19 Pneumoniathe Lung Infection Caused by Getting COVID-19, Does Sunlight Kill COVID-19 and Does Vitamin D Prevent It? How Might Swollen Glands Be a Sign of COVID-19? Only one gene is damaged. 1,5% global population . Learn more about beta-thalassemia trait and pregnancy. 2020;95(8):E198-E199. Can SARS-CoV-2 be transmitted via blood transfusions? Thalassemia Benefits. doi:10.23750/abm.v91i3.10155, De Sanctis VD, Canatan D, Corrons JLV, et al. This complication should be monitored and treated as it is for people with other forms of preexisting heart disease. Nicosia, Cyprus: Thalassaemia International Federation; 2014. More research is needed to, Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. Keywords: Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. But you can still pass down the affected gene to future generations. Thalassemia is a blood disorder in which the body makes an abnormal form of hemoglobin. But you can pass the gene on to future generations. Splenectomy: When a person has a spleen removed for thalassemia, they are more likely to develop a secondary bacterial infection . A comprehensive update of ICET-A Network on COVID-19 in thalassemias: what we know and where we stand. hypoxic effect of anaemia in COVID-19 . The results align with the results of other studies from countries around the world. But some silent carriers of alpha-thalassemia may need a DNA test to know for sure. With more research, we may one day have a clearer understanding of the connection between COVID-19 and different blood types. When there isn't enough hemoglobin, the body's red blood cells don't function properly and they last shorter periods of time, so there are fewer healthy red blood cells traveling . Thalassemia is classified as alpha or beta depending on the part of hemoglobin your body isnt producing in adequate amounts. Yet, no matter how difficult the trial, there are often positive points. Vaccines & immunizations: Use of COVID-19 vaccines in the U.S. (2022). Vaccination is particularly important for people with cardiovascular disease because theyre more likely to develop severe complications from COVID-19 infection. eCollection 2022. Working with your healthcare team to keep up with thalassemia treatments, getting vaccinated, and monitoring and treating for complications early if COVID-19 symptoms do develop are the recommended strategies to staying healthy through the pandemic. Blood and Bone Marrow Genetic Disorders. fatalities for sickle cell anaemia carriers and for -thalassaemia carriers. (2022). Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. The result will depend on the number of affected genes. Bookshelf What We Know. There are very few medications that are contraindicated (should not be used) in people who may be exposed to SARS-CoV-2 or who have developed a COVID-19 infection. Since those studies, a fair amount of research has been conducted on blood type and COVID-19 risk. But again, experts say it's too early to know for sure. What is the treatment for beta thalassemia? The proposed measures and strategies may be useful as a blueprint for other disorders which require regular hospital visits, as well as for the timely adaptation of patient care during similar future pandemics. If the inherited mutation affects only one gene, you have beta-thalassemia minor. When looking into thalassemia and COVID-19 risk, it's important to identify both the risk of potential exposure and susceptibility. Richard N. Fogoros, MD, is a retired professor of medicine and board-certified internal medicine physician and cardiologist. EHA and TIF explore how COVID-19 is affecting thalassemia and SCD patients. Early in the pandemic, two studies published in the Blood Advances journal in October 2020 showed a possible link between blood type and vulnerability to COVID-19. Thalassemia is a genetic blood disorder that is associated with a reduction in hemoglobin in red blood cells (RBCs) and, subsequently, insufficient oxygen reaching cells in . Autosomal means the affected genes arent on sex chromosomes. doi:10.12659/MSMBR.929207, Drouin E. Beta-thalassemia may protect against COVID 19. It's been found that, in general, people who have COVID-19 often have significantly reduced hemoglobin levels, especially with severe disease. (2020). It's important to note that complications of thalassemia likely played a role in the severity of outcomes. If you have one unaffected gene, it mostly overrides the faulty gene. Commentary: Could iron chelators prove to be useful as an adjunct to COVID-19 Treatment Regimens? A 2022 study found that people with beta-thalassemia trait were also at increased risk of severe illness from COVID-19. Beta thalassemia minor and SARS-CoV-2, prevalence, severity, morbidity and mortality: A systematic review study. Methods: Within each of these types, the severity varies, from causing moderate to severe anemia to requiring frequent blood transfusions. Immunity is your body's ability to protect you from getting sick when you are exposed to an infectious agent ("germ") such as a bacterium, virus, parasite or fungus. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. This condition is called anemia. Those two factors make up the eight most common blood types: A+, A-, B+, B-, O+, O-, AB+, and AB-. There are many types of thalassemia. For the latest on COVID-19, visit our coronavirus news page. As a whole, experts recommend that peopleregardless of blood typekeep following CDC guidelines to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci. Karimi M, Haghpanah S, Zarei T, et al. Sotiriou S, et al. Learn more. Read our, Risk of Severe Outcomes From COVID-19 for People With Thalassemia, Complications of Thalassemia and COVID-19, People Who Have Had a Splenectomy and Transplant Recipients. With thalassemia trait, your red blood cells are smaller than those in people who dont have the trait.
93412298e88d2fdb00f2e1b8c33c0f78 Border Terrier Registry, Articles T