grafana loki query example

I'm trying to test our Loki log data source. Share Improve this answer Follow answered Jan 29, 2022 at 10:25 Georgi Signature: nindent(spaces int,src string) string. You can forcefully override the original label using a label formatter expression. For example, while the results are the same, the following query {job="mysql"} |= "error" |json | line_format "{{.err}}" will be faster than {job="mysql"} | json | line_format "{{.message}}" |= "error", Log line filter expressions are the fastest way to filter logs after log stream selectors . The unnamed capture skips matched content. The log line can be parsed with the following expression. *", with below log lines. You can use and and or to concatenate multiple predicates that represent and and or binary operations, respectively. You can use a match-all regex together with a stream you have for all your logs. If the bool modifier is provided, vector elements that would be dropped instead have the value 0 and vector elements that would be kept have the value 1. Alert on every log entry - Grafana Loki - Grafana Labs Community Forums the query specified with. matches the regular expression regex against the label src_label. While log line filter expressions can be placed anywhere in the pipeline, it is best to place them at the beginning to improve the performance of the query and only do further follow-up when a line matches. Sorry, an error occurred. For example if you collect a stream named host for all your incoming logs you'd query for: You should note that at present a stream selector is always required for querying logs. This should be clearly stated in examples and documentation: In Grafana 7, you have the transformations tab, select "Labels to Fields . Well demo all the highlights of the major release: new and updated visualizations and themes, data source improvements, and Enterprise features. line_format also supports math functions. The Loki query editor helps you create log and metric queries that use Loki's query language, LogQL. Monitoring your docker container's logs the Loki way The right side can alternatively be a template string (double quoted or backtick), for example dst="{{.status}} {{.query}}", in which case the dst label value is replaced by the result of the text/template evaluation. A tag filter expression allows to filter log lines using their original and extracted tags, and it can contain multiple predicates. All labels, including extracted ones, will be available for aggregations and generation of new series. The following example shows a full log query in action: To avoid escaping special characters you can use the `(backtick) instead of " when quoting strings. Line filter expressions have support matching IP addresses. Install Grafana Loki with Docker or Docker Compose, 0003: Query fairness across users within tenants. How can i turn no data to zero in Loki - Grafana Loki - Grafana Labs regex character matches all characters, including newlines. Is there a Loki query that returns all the logs? Is it still in development? Connect Grafana to data sources, apps, and more, with Grafana Alerting, Grafana Incident, and Grafana OnCall, Frontend application observability web SDK, Try out and share prebuilt visualizations, Contribute to technical documentation provided by Grafana Labs, Help build the future of open source observability software A predicate contains a tag identifier, operator and a value for comparing tags. Using Duration, Number and Bytes will convert the tag values before comparing and supports the following comparators. Connect Grafana to data sources, apps, and more, with Grafana Alerting, Grafana Incident, and Grafana OnCall, Frontend application observability web SDK, Try out and share prebuilt visualizations, Contribute to technical documentation provided by Grafana Labs, Help build the future of open source observability software The result is propagated into the result vector with the grouping labels becoming the output label set. Supported function for operating over unwrapped ranges are: Except for sum_over_time,absent_over_time, rate and rate_counter, unwrapped range aggregations support grouping. For example, you can link to your tracing backend directly from your logs, or link to a user profile page if the log line contains a corresponding userId. LogQL supports a set of built-in functions. A more granular log stream selector then reduces the number of searched streams to a manageable volume. # A trusted profile will be used for authenticating with COS. We can either pass # the trusted profile name or trusted profile ID along with the compute resource token file. Well demo all the highlights of the major release: new and updated visualizations and themes, data source improvements, and Enterprise features. The logfmt parser can operate in two modes: The logfmt parser can be added using | logfmt and will extract all keys and values from the logfmt formatted log line. Optionally the label identifier can be wrapped by a conversion function | unwrap (label_identifier), which will attempt to convert the label value from a specific format. `label_values({compose_service=~$service, compose_project=~$project}, container_name)` **Which issue(s) this PR fixes**: - Automatically closes linked issue when the Pull Request is merged. Using Loki based variable - Grafana Labs Community Forums Note: By signing up, you agree to be emailed related product-level information. Return the per-second rate of all non-timeout errors Log query examples Examples that filter on IP address Return log lines that are not within a range of IPv4 addresses: {job_name="myapp"} != ip ("192.168.4.5-192.168.4.20") Parser expression can parse and extract labels from the log content. Note: If you use Grafana Cloud, you can request modifications to this feature by opening a support ticket in the Cloud Portal. If a capture is not matched, the pattern parser will stop. Unlike logfmt and json (which extract all values implicitly and without arguments), the regexp parser takes a single argument | regexp "" in the form of a regular expression using Golang RE2 syntax. For example, the following log passing through the pipeline | json will produce the following Map data. Signature: trimPrefix(prefix string, src string) string. =: unequal A log pipeline can be appended to a log stream selector to further process and filter log streams. Returns a textual representation of the time value formatted according to the provided golang datetime layout. further filters out log lines. Grafana Proxy deletes all other cookies. More details can be found in the Golang language documentation. Also line_format supports mathematical functions, e.g. Loki stores logs, they are all text, how do you calculate them? The regular expression must contain a least one named sub-match (e.g (?Pre)), each sub-match will extract a different label. The left side can also be a template string, e.g. *"} doesn't work for me. For example, |json server_list="services", headers="request.headers will extract to the following tags. See Matching IP addresses for details. Email update@grafana.com for help. This is mainly to allow filtering errors from the metric extraction. Refer to Googles RE2 syntax for more information. The trim function removes space from either side of a string. Like PromQL, LogQL is filtered using tags and operators, and has two main types of query functions. A complete query with a regular expression: Keep log lines that contain a substring that starts with error=, as it only does further processing when a line matches. The stream selector determines which log streams to include in a querys results. Supports multiple numbers. For example, to calculate the top 5 qps for nginx and group them by pod. Downloads. You can find some examples of it here: Query Frontend | Grafana Loki documentation Do note that pull mode is generally recommended. For example, If start is < 0, this calls value[:end]. without removes the listed labels from the result vector, while all other labels are preserved the output. The same rules that apply for Prometheus Label Selectors apply for Grafana Loki log stream selectors. These logical/set binary operators are only defined between two vectors: vector1 and vector2 results in a vector consisting of the elements of vector1 for which there are elements in vector2 with exactly matching label sets. The above example means that all log streams with the tag app and the value mysql and the tag name and the value mysql-backup will be included in the query results. See Unwrap examples for query examples that use the unwrap expression. How about saving the world? In a chained pipeline, the result of each command is passed as the last argument of the following command. The log message format is shown below. Loki supports functions to operate on data. This function returns the current log lines timestamp. Would you ever say "eat pig" instead of "eat pork"? Grafana lists these variables in dropdown select boxes at the top of the dashboard to help you change the data displayed in your dashboard. After writing in the log stream selector, the resulting log data set can be further filtered using a search expression, which can be text or a regular expression, e.g. Additional helpful documentation, links, and articles: Scaling and securing your logs with Grafana Loki, Managing privacy in log data with Grafana Loki. Loki derived fields and correlation between logs and traces - Grafana For example, logfmt | duration > 1m and bytes_consumed > 20MB filters the expression. Divide numbers. topk and bottomk are different from other aggregators in that a subset of the input samples, including the original labels, are returned in the result vector. Example of a query to print how many times XYZ occurs in a line: Convert a humanized byte string to bytes using go-humanize, Convert a humanized time duration to seconds using time.ParseDuration, Signature: duration_seconds(string) float64. Loki template variables | Grafana documentation For details, refer to the query editor documentation. Using Duration, Number and Bytes will convert the label value prior to comparision and support the following comparators: For instance, logfmt | duration > 1m and bytes_consumed > 20MB. The query statement consists of the following parts. of these in any level of nesting (my.list[0]["field"]). While line filter expressions could be placed anywhere within a log pipeline, I have been running Grafana Loki on my hobby machine which only has 2 core and 2 GB memory without any hiccup for over 2 years now. Signature: unixEpoch(date time.Time) string. Entries for which no matching entry in the right-hand vector can be found are not part of the result. Since the logs of our sample application are in JSON form, we can use a JSON parser to parse the logs with the expression {app="fake-logger"} | json, as shown below. Too many tag combinations can create a lot of streams, and it can make Loki store a lot of indexes and small chunks of object files. Managing Grafana and Loki in a regulated multitenant environment Defines which cookies are forwarded to the data source. The replacement string is substituted directly, without using Expand. A log range aggregation is a query followed by a duration. While every query will have a stream selector, log stream selectors have been applied. Open positions, Check out the open source projects we support Queries act as if they are a distributed grep to aggregate log sources. The hasPrefix and hasSuffix functions test whether a string has a given prefix or suffix. For example, select pod and then select the loki-grafana pod to query all logs from this specific pod. Level Up Coding Configure Serilog with Grafana Loki Paris Nakita Kejser in DevOps Engineer, Software Architect and Software Developering Setup monitoring with Prometheus and Grafana in. Subtract numbers. These filter operators are supported: Note: Unlike the label matcher regex operators, the |~ and !~ regex operators are not fully anchored. How a top-ranked engineering school reimagined CS curriculum (Ep. Group by regex Loki - Grafana Loki - Grafana Labs Community Forums Extracted label keys are automatically sanitized by all parsers, to follow Prometheus metric name convention. Announcing Amazon Managed Grafana workspace version selection with Grafana Loki documentation LogQL: Log query language Query examples Open source Query examples These LogQL query examples have explanations of what the queries accomplish. The aggregation is applied over a time duration. The renamed form dst=src will remove the src tag after remapping it to the dst tag, however, the template form will retain the referenced tag, for example dst="{{.src}}" results in both dst and src having the same value. Like PromQL, LogQL supports a subset of built-in aggregation operators that can be used to aggregate the element of a single vector, resulting in a new vector of fewer elements but with aggregated values: The aggregation operators can either be used to aggregate over all label values or a set of distinct label values by including a without or a by clause: parameter is required when using topk and bottomk. Grafana Labs uses cookies for the normal operation of this website. Use this function to test to see if one string is contained inside of another. Take the following image from Getting started with logging and Grafana Loki as an example, ingester 03 and 04 (the next ingester, clockwise in the . For example, lets look at the following log line data. Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most. The capture of a pattern expression is a field name separated by the < and > characters, for example defines the field name as example, unnamed capture is displayed as <_>, and unnamed capture skips the match. Note: By signing up, you agree to be emailed related product-level information. In addition, we can format the output logs according to our needs using line_format, for example, we use the query statement {app="fake-logger"} | json |is_even="true" | line_format "logs generated in {{.time}} on {{.level}}@ {{.pod}} Pod generated log {{.msg}}" to format the log output. This topic explains configuring and querying specific to the Loki data source. For example, the following log line data. From the Queries I've been executing nothing is returned. (?Pre)), with each submatch extracting a different tag. ~). Its easier to use the predefined parsers json and logfmt when you can. Inspired by PromQL, Loki also has its own query language, called LogQL, which is like a distributed grep that aggregates views of logs. Log line filtering expressions are used to perform a distributed grep on aggregated logs in a matching log stream. This function performs simple string replacement. For more information about provisioning, and for available configuration options, refer to Provisioning Grafana. Well demo all the highlights of the major release: new and updated visualizations and themes, data source improvements, and Enterprise features. We support multiple value types which are automatically inferred from the query input. You can see this data source is already present in Grafana. Captures are matched from the line beginning or the previous set of literals, to the line end or the next set of literals. A metric conversion for a label may fail. The syntax: This example will return every machine total count within the last minutes ratio in app foo: Many-to-one and one-to-many matchings occur when each vector element on the one-side can match with multiple elements on the many-side. For example, use the json parser to extract the tags from the contents of the following files. rev2023.4.21.43403. Which can be used to aggregate over distinct labels dimensions by including a without or by clause. A log stream is a unique source of log content, such as a file. A complete query with a regular expression: Filter operators can be chained. will result in having the following labels extracted: Similar to JSON, using | logfmt label="expression", another="expression" in the pipeline will result in extracting only the fields specified by the labels. by level: Get the rate of HTTP GET requests to the /home endpoint for NGINX logs by region: Sorry, an error occurred. Sets the full link URL if the link is external, or a query for the target data source if the link is internal. If we have the following labels ip=1.1.1.1, status=200 and duration=3000(ms), we can divide duration by 1000 to get the value in seconds. by and without are only used to group the input vector. This means that the regex expression must match against the entire string, including newlines. Advice needed: Unwrapping parsed field. Issue #3253 grafana/loki This version uses group_left() to include from the right hand side in the result and returns the cost of discarded events per user, organization, and namespace: LogQL queries can be commented using the # character: With multi-line LogQL queries, the query parser can exclude whole or partial lines using #: There are multiple reasons which cause pipeline processing errors, such as: When those failures happen, Loki wont filter out those log lines. This log line can be parsed with the expression, - - <_> " <_>" <_> "" <_>. In the official Loki Grafana documentation a pattern parser is mentioned: Grafana Labs LogQL LogQL: Log Query Language Loki comes with its own PromQL-inspired language for queries called LogQL. By default, a pattern expression is anchored at the start of the log line. It is composed of a set of expressions. (e.g .label_name). Nested properties are flattened into label keys using the _ separator. Other static tags, such as environment, version, etc. Loki indexes only the date, system name and a label for logs. How to use Loki Pattern Parser - Grafana Labs Community Forums Grafana, often with Prometheus, is a popular open source platform for monitoring and observability that can be used to query, visualize, and create alerts on a number of metric and data sources. Placing them at the beginning improves the performance of the query, For example the json parsers will extract from the following document: Using | json label="expression", another="expression" in your pipeline will extract only the beginners can understand how to use Loki with detailed user cases. Example: If we have the following labels ip=1.1.1.1, status=200 and duration=3000(ms), we can divide the duration by 1000 to get the value in seconds. The navigation in Grafana has been updated with a new design and an improved structure to make it easier for you to access the data you need. By default they filter. The expression matches the structure of a log line. By default, the pattern expression is anchored at the beginning of the log line, and you can use <_> at the beginning of the expression to anchor the expression at the beginning. For example, if we want to filter logs with level=error, we just use the expression {app="fake-logger"} | json | level="error" to do so. The log lines will be extracted and rewritten to contain only query and the requested duration. Email update@grafana.com for help. 565), Improving the copy in the close modal and post notices - 2023 edition, New blog post from our CEO Prashanth: Community is the future of AI. loki alert setup with grafana-loki helm chart - Stack Overflow Of the log lines identified with the stream selector, The opposite is false. In both cases above, if the target tag does not exist, then a new tag will be created. 1-Local-Configuration-Example.yaml auth_enabled: false server: http_listen_port: 3100 common: ring: instance_addr: 127.0.0.1 kvstore: store: inmemory replication_factor: 1 path_prefix: /tmp/loki schema_config: configs: - from: 2020-05-15 store: boltdb-shipper object_store: filesystem schema: v11 index: prefix: index_ period: 24h By default, the matching is case-sensitive and can be switched to be case-insensitive by prefixing the regular expression with (?i). Log queries | Grafana Loki documentation For example, lets consider the following NGINX log line data. The label filter Connect Grafana to data sources, apps, and more, with Grafana Alerting, Grafana Incident, and Grafana OnCall, Frontend application observability web SDK, Try out and share prebuilt visualizations, Contribute to technical documentation provided by Grafana Labs, Help build the future of open source observability software Allows extracting container and pod tags and raw log messages as new log lines. When a gnoll vampire assumes its hyena form, do its HP change? Why? Implement a health check with a simple query: Double the rate of a a log streams entries: Get proportion of warning logs to error logs for the foo app. For example, if the prometheus response return 300 separate time-series blocks, the response can be quite big, even if the number of data points for 1 time-series is smaller. Signature: func(a interface{}, v interface{}) int64, Signature: func(i interface{}) float64. However to select which label will be used within the aggregation, the log query must end with an unwrap expression and optionally a label filter expression to discard errors. In Grafana Loki, the selected range of samples is a range of selected log or label values. The log stream selector is optionally followed by a log pipeline for further processing and filtering of log stream information, which consists of a set of expressions, each of which performs relevant filtering for each log line in left-to-right order, each of which can filter, parse and change the log line content and its respective label. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. Log stream selectors are written by wrapping key-value pairs in a pair of curly brackets, e.g. In both cases, if the destination label doesnt exist, then a new one is created. Loki is installed using helm chart 3.8.0. Now, take your cursor to the navigation drawer on the left, and hover it over the gear icon (second last one) and click on data sources. I've looked through documentation, and so far, I haven't found any such Loki query. Checks whether the string(src) is set, and returns default(d) if not set. Example of a query to print a newline per queries stored as a json array in the log line: Returns the current time in the local timezone of the Loki server.
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